Apple appears poised to change the way Americans pay for stuff. Or at least, it will try.苹果（Apple）或许要转变美国人的缴纳方式了。或者最少，他们打算尝试一下。Sources confirm several reports that the iPhone 6, expected to be introduced on Tuesday, will include technology that will turn the device into a mobile wallet that could be used to pay for items at retail stores. Apple’s mobile wallet will be based on NFC, or near field communications, a technology that uses radio communications to transmit data and that works in a growing number of point-of-sale systems. The iPhone’s Touch ID fingerprint scanner will be used to authenticate users, and Apple AAPL -0.83% has teamed up with credit card companies to make the service broadly useful, the sources, who agreed to speak on condition of anonymity, said.消息源证实了iPhone 6将包括一项新技术，可以将移动设备作为钱包用于，从而在商店出售物品。

这项移动钱包技术将使用NFC，也就是利用无线电来升空数据的近场通信技术（near field communications）。该技术已被更加多的销售终端系统所使用。电子邮件消息源回应，iPhone将使用Touch ID指纹扫瞄来辨别用户身份，苹果也将与信用卡公司合作，不断扩大这项服务的应用于范围。

An Apple spokeswoman declined to comment.苹果的一位女发言人拒绝接受回应公开发表评论。Apple, which already has payment credentials for some 800 million people globally through iTunes accounts, has long been expected to make a bid to dominate mobile payments.苹果通过iTunes账户，早已取得了全球范围内约8亿用户的缴纳许可。

公司要谋求支配移动支付领域，这也早于在人们预料之中。While Apple’s move is certain to shake up the mobile wallet market, the company’s success is far from guaranteed. And it comes at a time when the utility of digital wallets is being called into question, even as other forms of mobile payments are taking off.尽管苹果此举必定不会引发移动钱包市场的震动，但苹果能否顺利却远未定。数字钱包的实用性到底如何仅存疑惑，而其他移动支付手段也正在渐渐蓬勃发展。

Indeed, there is no longer a mobile payments market, but rather, several mobile payments markets.显然，这不是一个移动支付市场，而是好几个移动支付市场。Mobile wallets, which were expected to take the world by storm, have languished in the past few years. Giants like Google, PayPal, wireless carriers, and major retail chains, as well as promising startups like Square, have all struggled to make wallets popular. After years of effort, just $3.1 billion in purchases came from mobile wallets last year, according to Javelin Strategy, a research firm. That’s just a tiny fraction of the roughly $4.5 trillion in annual retail payments in the United States.本以为将如风暴般席卷全球的移动钱包，在过去几年中堪称命途多舛。谷歌（Google）、贝宝（Paypal）等巨头、无线运营商、大型连锁店，以及Square等前途光明的初创公司，在推展移动钱包上都步履维艰。

根据研究公司Javelin Strategy的数据，在多年的希望后，通过移动钱包已完成的交易额在去年仅有31亿美元。相对于美国去年零售交易额的约4.5万亿美元来说，这只是大于的一部分。The challenges have been myriad. Google’s Wallet has been hamstrung by the company’s inability to get enough partners—most notably merchants and credit card companies—on board. Google also struggled to overcome roadblocks put up by some wireless carriers, who were promoting the own rival wallet.这其中遭遇的挑战数不胜数。

由于谷歌无法寻找充足的合作伙伴——特别是在是商家和信用卡公司，公司的钱包产品萎靡不振。谷歌还难以克服某些无线运营商设置的障碍，后者也在推展自己的钱包类产品。

That service, which is backed by Verizon, ATT, and T-Mobile, struggled as well, first because it was plagued by delays, and later, because of its ill-fated name: Isis. After the emergence of the violent jihadist group in Iraq by the same name earlier this year, the carriers announced that they would ditch the brand. Just this week, CEO Mike Abbott announced that the service would be renamed Softcard.而由威瑞森通讯（Verizon）、美国电话电报公司（ATT）和T-Mobile研发的钱包服务也一样经历着困苦。最初是因为这项服务仍然跳票，随后又因为那个莫名其妙的名字：Isis。随着今年早些时候享有某种程度名字的伊拉克暴力圣战的组织蓬勃发展，运营商宣告他们打算退出这个品牌名。就在这周，Isis的首席执行官迈克o阿尔伯特宣告这项服务将改名为Softcard。

Square, for its part, pulled its Wallet app in May, replacing it with Order, an app that allows users to order ahead and skip the line at local restaurants.而另一方面，Square在今年5月退出了其钱包业务Wallet，发售了新产品Order，这项应用于可以让顾客提早预计餐馆，免职了排队的苦恼。From a consumer standpoint, all these efforts suffered from the same pitfalls: acceptance at merchants was spotty and paying by phone was not necessarily more convenient than paying with plastic.从顾客的角度来看，这些希望都步入了同一个误区：并非所有商家都拒绝接受这种缴纳方式，而用手机缴纳也并没比信用卡缴纳更加便利，这让它变得可有可无。

Some analysts believe that Apple, with its market clout and experience designing consumer products, could change the dynamics. In particular, the inclusion of NFC technology in the iPhone, could encourage more merchants to upgrade their point-of-sale system so they can accept mobile payments from both iPhones and the growing number of Android phones that are also equipped with NFC.一些分析家坚信，享有强劲市场影响力、享有非常丰富的设计消费品经验的苹果需要转变这一现状。特别是在是包括NFC技术的iPhone不会促成更好的商家升级他们的销售终端系统，从而拒绝接受iPhone以及更加多某种程度备有NFC技术的安卓（Android）手机的移动支付。

“Smartphones didn’t take off until Apple came in,” says Mary Monahan, research director for mobile at Javelin. “Tablets didn’t take off until Apple came in. A lot of people are hoping that this is a game changer.”Javelin的移动产品研究总监玛丽o莫纳汉回应：“智能手机在苹果重新加入后才开始高速发展，平板电脑也是在苹果重新加入后才普遍流行起来。许多人期望苹果需要化腐朽为神奇。

”But recent publicity about hacking into Apple accounts of celebrities could pose a new obstacle for the company.但最近美国明星的苹果账户被黑事件传得沸沸扬扬，将不会给苹果导致新的困难。“For this to work, Apple has to garner much more confidence in the security of what they offer,” says Tim Bajarin, a veteran Apple analyst with Creative Strategies.Creative Strategies的资深苹果分析师蒂姆o巴加林回应：“如果苹果要在移动支付领域取得成功，就必需在安全性上取得比现在非常少的信任。

”In the meantime, other parts of the mobile payment market are growing quickly. Javelin estimates consumers spend more than $56 billion in “mobile commerce” last year. The category includes not only e-commerce purchases made with mobile phones or tablets, but also purchases of services like rides through apps like Uber and Lyft, deliveries of food and merchandise through apps like Postmates and Seamless GrubHub, and others. Those in-app payments have quickly become a multi-billion business dominated by companies like PayPal’s Braintree and Stripe, one of the hottest payment companies to emerge in recent years.与此同时，移动支付市场的其他领域正在蓬勃发展。Javelin估算消费者去年在“移动商务”上花费了多达560亿美元。

这不仅还包括用于手机或平板电脑已完成的网上购物，还包括通过应用于出售服务，如Uber和Lyft的微信服务、Postmates和Seamless GrubHub的食物和商品租车等等。这些通过应用于构建的消费早已迅速构成了规模约数十亿美元的市场。贝宝的Braintree以及近年来最炙手可热的缴纳公司Stripe沦为了该领域中的领头羊。

Finally, mobile person-to-person payments, which are enabled by banks and by companies like PayPal and Square, are also growing, though the total number of transactions remain small. It’s not clear whether the iPhone’s mobile wallet will enable these kinds of transactions.最后，由银行以及贝宝和Square等公司获取的个人对个人（p2p）移动支付也在日益茁壮，不过该领域的交易总额依然较小。iPhone的移动钱包否不会反对这类交易，目前尚能不得而知。

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